{"id":7710,"date":"2018-11-12T11:21:56","date_gmt":"2018-11-12T19:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.essaypop.com\/?p=7710"},"modified":"2020-07-11T14:44:14","modified_gmt":"2020-07-11T21:44:14","slug":"hooking-things-together-with-bridges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/style-guide\/hooking-things-together-with-bridges","title":{"rendered":"Hooking Things Together With Bridges"},"content":{"rendered":"

“In the moment of crises, the wise build bridges and the foolish build dams.” \u2013 Nigerian Proverb<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/h4>\n


\nMini Bridges to Introduce Research Details<\/span><\/h3>\n

Bridges<\/span> are like the glue that connects everything in the essay together. Bridges create order and cohesion and allow phrases and ideas to transition together. Without bridges, your writing would feel stiff and awkward.\u00a0 Bridges are often very short; some are just a brief phrase; some are a single word.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the short response, there are two types of bridges: The first is the simple<\/span> bridge phrase <\/b>that connects the <\/span>thesis statement<\/span> to the first <\/span>research detail<\/span> and, thereafter, <\/span>research details<\/span> to accompanying <\/span>interpretations<\/span>. <\/span>Sentence starters<\/b> that provide these bridge phrases are available via the pull-down curtains located in the bottom-left of each writing frame. Bridge phrases such as, <\/span>\u201cConsider the following\u201d<\/b> and <\/span>\u201cAccording to\u201d<\/b> allow writers to smoothly transition into their quotes, facts, and other evidence. Without them, research details land gracelessly and awkwardly onto the paper. Not pretty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Introducing such information without a bridge would make this information seem abruptly placed and would disrupt the flow of the essay. A basic short response with just one research detail will just have this one transitional bridge. <\/span>Keep in mind that you don\u2019t need to add a new bridge writing frame in this circumstance because, again, you access it for the research detail frame.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Including additional Bridges<\/span><\/h3>\n

Responses that feature more than one research detail or interpretation usually require another short bridge. In this case, you may want to add a new bridge writing frame using the action icon. Again, without some transition, the flow of the paper will be compromised and the new information will seem awkwardly placed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

One option the writer has in this situation is to simply begin with a research detail sentence starter, using the pull-down described earlier. Just choose a starter that you like and then proceed with the new evidence or commentary. In this case, adding the extra bridge writing frame is not necessary.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If, however, you wish to include a more extensive bridge, you can do so by clicking on the <\/span>action icon <\/b>and adding a bridge. This will cause a bridge writing frame to appear and you can write as much as you would like in the box (although we recommend that you keep your bridges to one or two sentences).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Keep in mind that if you feel the need to add more than two or three additional bridges, then you are probably going to want to add a paragraph break or two. Again, this is easily done by adding a paragraph break available in the action icon.\u00a0 What\u2019s ironic is that your \u201cshort response\u201d can quickly grow to 750 to 1,000 if you have a lot to say.\u00a0 If you do begin a new paragraph, adding a quick bridge is a great way to start the transition.<\/span><\/p>\n

Also, keep in mind that if you feel you are moving away from short response territory and moving into writing a more complicated paper,\u00a0 want to consider creating a multiple-paragraph essay instead of a short response.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bridge Models <\/span><\/h2>\n

These first models feature a short transitional bridge located just after the <\/span>thesis statement<\/span> and just before the research detail. The bridges These bridges are shown in context and are in <\/span>bold underlined<\/b> text. Keep in mind that these bridges do not require you to open a separate bridge writing frame because they are selected from the sentence starters that are accessed from the <\/span>research detail<\/span> writing frame.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Model 1<\/span><\/h3>\n

Type of essay: <\/b>short response \/<\/span> response to literature
\n<\/span>The prompt:<\/b> In Denise Levertov\u2019s poem, \u201cMoon Tiger\u201d, what is the moon tiger really? \u00a0Use textual evidence to justify your answer.<\/span><\/p>\n

…In her poem, \u201cMoon Tiger”, Denise Levertov provides the reader with some very interesting clues as to the true and literal identity of the work\u2019s creeping tiger. <\/span>Consider the following \u00a0lines from the poem<\/span>:<\/b> “Look. Its white stripes\/ In the light that slid\/Through the jalousies”.<\/span><\/span> Levertov is inviting us to… <\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/h4>\n

The transitional bridge, \u201cConsider the following lines from the poem\u201d is taken directly from the sentence starter menu located in the pulldown menu of the research detail writing frame.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Model 2<\/span><\/h3>\n

Type of essay: <\/b>Expository \/ Argument
\n<\/span>The prompt:<\/b> We just read the Atlantic Monthly article, \u201cHow Two Common Medications Became One $455 Million Specialty Pill\u201d by Marshall Allen. In a 300-500 word short essay, discuss whether you believe the Horizon Pharmaceutical Company is justified in selling the drug Vimovo at the price that they do.<\/span><\/p>\n

…Marshall Allen\u2019s Atlantic monthly article, \u201cHow Two Common Medications Became One $455 Million Specialty Pill\u201d brings up two fairly balanced perspectives regarding the cost of their drug, Vimovo. \u00a0After careful consideration, however, it seems clear that there is no way to justify this company charging such exorbitant prices for this drug<\/span>.<\/span> According to this journalist<\/b>,<\/span> It seems that Horizon simply takes two very common medications, a pain reliever, and a stomach-upset medicine, and combines them into one pill, because pain relievers cause some people stomach discomfort. Not a bad idea I guess, but at what cost? “Of course I did the math”, says the Allen. “You can walk into your local drugstore and buy a month\u2019s supply of Aleve and Nexium for about $40. For Vimovo, the pharmacy billed my insurance company $3,252.”<\/span><\/span> This is a staggering markup in price. \u00a0And what’s worse is…<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/h4>\n

The transitional bridge, \u201cConsider the following lines from the poem\u201d is taken directly from the sentence starter menu located in the pulldown menu of the research detail writing frame.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Model 3<\/span><\/h3>\n

Type of essay: <\/b>Expository \/ Argument \/ Short Response
\n<\/span>The prompt:<\/b> We just read the Atlantic Monthly article, \u201cHow Two Common Medications Became One $455 Million Specialty Pill\u201d by Marshall Allen. In a 300-500 word short essay, discuss whether you believe the Horizon Pharmaceutical Company is justified in selling the drug Vimovo at the price that they do.<\/span><\/p>\n

…$455 Million Specialty Pill\u201d brings up two fairly balanced perspectives regarding the cost of their drug, Vimovo. After careful consideration, however, it seems clear that there is no way to justify this company charging such exorbitant prices for this drug. <\/span>According to this journalist, <\/b>it seems that Horizon simply takes two very common medications, a pain reliever and a stomach-upset medicine, and combines them into one pill, because pain relievers cause some people stomach discomfort. Not a bad idea I guess, but at what cost? “Of course I did the math”, says the Allen. “You can walk into your local drugstore and buy a month\u2019s supply of Aleve and Nexium for about $40. For Vimovo, the pharmacy billed my insurance company $3,252.”<\/span><\/span> This is a staggering markup in price. And what’s worse is they seem to be getting away with it. Vimovo, according to Allen, has netted the company $455 million since 2014 and shows no signs of slowing down. They seem to be able to get away with this with a series of sales tricks and backroom deals with insurance companies that the doctors and patients prescribing and using the drugs are seldom aware of. And they don\u2019t stop there.<\/span><\/p>\n

Based on Allen\u2019s research,<\/b> Vimovo isn\u2019t Horizon\u2019s only such drug. It has brought in an additional $465 million in net sales from <\/span>Duexis<\/span><\/a>, a similar convenience drug that combines ibuprofen and famotidine, aka Advil and Pepcid.<\/span><\/span> So, they\u2019ve taken a successful\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/h4>\n

This is an augmented version of model 2. Two research details are included and both are bridged into with phrases taken from the research-detail-writing-frame sentence starter menu in the respective research writing frames. Here they are both underlined and in bold. The writer chose to indent the second transitional bridge as it is a somewhat new thought.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adding an Additional Bridge<\/span><\/h2>\n

Sometimes transitions between essay elements require a bit more context and elaboration than a sentence starter allows for. \u00a0When this is the case, it is sometimes advisable to add a new and distinct bridge. This is easily done using the action icon. The following models feature more elaborate bridges. For ease of identification, these added bridges are highlighted in <\/span>darker blue<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Model 4<\/span><\/h3>\n

Type of essay: <\/b>expository\/ argument
\n<\/span>The prompt:<\/b> Based on the documents we reviewed in class today that assign blame for the Titanic tragedy to several different individuals, who, in your opinion, is most responsible for the sinking of the RMS Titanic and the deaths of over 1,500 passengers?<\/span><\/p>\n

…Certainly, many people played a role in the tragedy, but one person seems more culpable than all the others. \u00a0Based on the documents we have reviewed, it seems clear that Captain Edward J. Smith is the individual most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic and the deaths of all of those unfortunate passengers.<\/span> Robert Ballard, who is considered one the most-renowned Titanic experts confirms this in his research.<\/b> <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Consider the following evidence taken from Ballard’s \u201cExploring the Titanic\u201d:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0\u201cIn all Captain Smith received seven ice warnings the afternoon and evening of the disaster. \u00a0Of those, only 3 were posted for anyone to see.” (367) <\/span>Ignoring this many ice warnings just seems like a recipe for disaster. To use a car\/driver analogy, this would be like\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/h4>\n

This bridge begins by providing some important contextual information about Robert Ballard; it is important that we know why Mr. Ballard is worthy of listening to. The bridge then transitions to the sentence starter, \u201cConsider the following evidence\u2026\u201d. Together, these create a smooth transition into the research detail.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Model 5<\/span><\/h3>\n

Type of essay: <\/b>research\/expository
\n<\/span>The prompt:<\/b> Are rattlesnakes a bane or a benefit to mankind? Respond in a structured, evidence-based short constructed response that is 300-350 words in length.<\/span><\/p>\n

…<\/span>According to<\/b> the Queensland Department of Environment,<\/span> “The feeding habits of rattlesnakes act as a natural form of pest control. Snakes are predators and feed on a variety of creatures. Small snakes feed on many harmful bugs and insects. Larger ones eat mice, rats, and other small mammals that can destroy crops or damage personal property.” (Dept. of Environment)\u00a0<\/span><\/span>It is clear that if we were to eliminate rattlesnakes from our environment to make ourselves “safe”, we would inadvertently and ironically create the opposite effect. An increase in insects and rodents would most certainly lead to such \u00a0adverse effects as bites, feces in food supplies and the diseases that accompany these conditions. <\/span>So as you can see, these creatures do have some beneficial qualities Recent research by other scientists supports this idea.<\/span> In fact,<\/b> “New research by a team of University of Maryland biologists shows the timber rattlesnake indirectly benefits humankind by keeping Lyme disease in check.” \u00a0(Kabay)<\/span><\/span> Lyme disease is a very deadly illness that can\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/h4>\n

The first transitional bridge beginning with the phrase, \u201cAccording to\u2026\u201d, comes directly from the research detail sentence starter menu. \u00a0The second bridge, highlighted in <\/span>darker blue<\/span>, sets up the next research detail. Since it is a bit longer, the writer added a bridge writing frame to the mix using the action icon. This bridge allows the next research detail and subsequent interpretation to flow smoothly within the paper. The sentence starter, \u201cIn fact\u201d, is used here as well.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Model 6<\/span><\/h3>\n

Type of Essay: <\/b>response to literature
\n<\/span>The prompt: <\/b>In a multiple-paragraph composition analyze and compare the recurring theme about the nature of love that can be found in William Shakespeare\u2019s \u201cSonnet 130\u201d and Rodgers and Hart\u2019s jazz classic, \u201cMy Funny Valentine\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

…What if instead of being sarcasm or even a celebration of a lover’s “perfect imperfections”, these words were literal descriptions of loved ones who are ill and at the end of their days?<\/span> <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>As an illustration of this,<\/b> take these lines from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130: “I have seen roses damasked, red and white\/But no such roses see I in her cheeks;\/And in some perfumes is there more delight\/Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks”. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>One could easily read these words as sarcastic jesting or a loving acknowledgment of a few physical flaws. One the other hand, they can also be construed as true depictions of illness and age. The cheeks lose their color because of some sickness and the breath becomes malodorous due to internal disease. Meanwhile, the speaker can only observe helplessly as his lover slowly fades away.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Rodgers and Hart seem to be on the same page as the bard, and we see this dark possibility again in “My Funny Valentine” when the singer mournfully asks, <\/span><\/span>“Is your figure less than Greek?\/Is your mouth a little weak?\/ When you open it to speak, are you smart?\u201d<\/span> Again, these rhetorical questions could easily be…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Notes<\/span><\/h4>\n

The first transitional bridge beginning with the phrase, \u201cAs an illustration of this\u2026\u201d, comes directly from the research detail sentence starter menu. \u00a0The second bridge, highlighted in <\/span>darker blue<\/span>, sets up the next research detail. Since it is a bit longer, the writer added a bridge writing frame to the mix using the action icon. This bridge allows the next research detail and subsequent interpretation to flow smoothly within the paper.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n

\n <\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bridges are like the glue that connect the different parts of a paragraph together.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[293],"tags":[184],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7710"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7710"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11503,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7710\/revisions\/11503"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7710"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.essaypop.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}